Carbon Equivalent Calculator

Composition in — CEV (IIW), CET and Pcm out, with sourced grade presets.

Composition

Grade preset

Carbon (C) %

Manganese (Mn) %

Silicon (Si) %

Chromium (Cr) %

Molybdenum (Mo) %

Nickel (Ni) %

Copper (Cu) %

Vanadium (V) %

Boron (B) %

Results

CEV (IIW) C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15

CET C + (Mn+Mo)/10 + (Cr+Cu)/20 + Ni/40

Pcm (Ito-Bessyo) C + Si/30 + (Mn+Cu+Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B

CEV (IIW) is broadly applicable and most reliable above ~0.18% carbon. CET (EN 1011-2 Method B) is validated for raw carbon 0.05–0.32% and a resulting CET value of 0.2–0.5%. Pcm (Ito‑Bessyo) is intended for low‑carbon, low‑alloy steels (C ≲ 0.18%) and has its own narrower composition validity range beyond carbon alone. Grade presets reflect published specification maxima, not a guaranteed single-heat analysis — always confirm against the actual mill test certificate before using a value for procedure qualification or preheat decisions.